R and $\frac {dr} {d\theta}$

Same: away, just imagine the r is positive/negative away from the pole and is moving away positively or negatively

different: toward, just imagine the r is negative/positive away from the pole and is moving away positively or negatively. (as if paying debt)

Approaching x or y axis

$\frac{dy} {dt}$: change of y in respect of t

$\frac {dx} {dt}$:change of y in respect of t

0→ didn’t change

negative→ approaching

positive→ repeal